As of this Monday (08/0682026), the Brazilian Penal Code includes the illegal practice of the profession of veterinary doctor among the crimes.
Under the law, anyone who practices veterinary medicine without legal authorization, even unpaid, is punishable by imprisonment for six months to two years.
The law amends Article 282 of the Criminal Code, which already regulates the unauthorized practice of healthcare professions, such as medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy. The amendment expressly includes veterinary medicine.
Punishment and aggravating circumstances
The text also establishes aggravating circumstances for situations in which the conduct leads to more serious consequences:
In the event of serious or very serious personal injury, the perpetrator will also be liable for the corresponding crimes provided for by the Penal Code;
In the event of death, liability includes the crime of homicide;
When the practice causes injury or death to an animal, the offender will also be liable for an environmental offence under the Environmental Offences Act.
Professional suspension
The same crime is committed by any professional who practices during the period of suspension or after the cancellation of registration or professional qualification.